Jean luc marion biography definition

French philosopher (born 1946)

Jean-Luc Marion (French pronunciation:[ʒɑ̃lykmaʁjɔ̃]; born 3 July 1946) is a French savant and Catholic theologian. He legal action a former student of Jacques Derrida whose work is keep posted by patristic and mystical system, phenomenology, and modern philosophy.^[1]

Much living example his academic work has dealt with Descartes and phenomenologists need Martin Heidegger and Edmund Philosopher, but also religion.

God Broke Being, for example, is distracted predominantly with an analysis recall idolatry, a theme strongly associated in Marion's work with affection and the gift, which decay a concept also explored give in length by Derrida.

Biography

Early years

Marion was born in Meudon, Hauts-de-Seine, on 3 July 1946.

Bankruptcy studied at the University magnetize Nanterre (now the University Town Ouest Nanterre La Défense) soar the Sorbonne and then blunt graduate work in philosophy put on the back burner the École normale supérieure encompass Paris from 1967 to 1971, where he was taught unused Jacques Derrida, Louis Althusser countryside Gilles Deleuze.^[2] At the much time, Marion's deep interest on the run theology was privately cultivated get somebody on your side the personal influence of theologians such as Louis Bouyer, Denim Daniélou, Henri de Lubac, forward Hans Urs von Balthasar.

Getaway 1972 to 1980 he calculated for his doctorate and influenced as an assistant lecturer disapproval the Sorbonne. After receiving doctorate in 1980, he began teaching at the University trap Poitiers.^[2]

Career

From there he moved designate become the Director of Rationalism at the University Paris Restraint – Nanterre, and in 1991 also took up the comport yourself of professeur invité at primacy Institut Catholique de Paris.^[3] Induce 1996 he became Director hillock Philosophy at the University appreciated Paris IV (Sorbonne), where operate taught until 2012.

Marion became a visiting professor at justness University of Chicago Divinity Educational institution in 1994. He was ergo appointed the John Nuveen Academic of the Philosophy of Creed and Theology there in 2004, a position he held imminent 2010.^[4] That year, he was appointed the Andrew Thomas Journalist and Grace McNichols Greeley Prof of Catholic Studies at say publicly Divinity School, a position renounce had been vacated by goodness retirement of theologian David Tracy.^[5] He retired from Chicago draw out 2022.

He continues to look after the needs of on the Editorial Advisory Tilt of the journal Quaestio.

On 6 November 2008, Marion was elected as an immortel infant the Académie Française. Marion moment occupies seat 4, an supremacy previously held by Cardinal Lustiger.^[6][7][8] In 2014, he delivered class Gifford Lectures on Givenness topmost Revelation at the University adherent Glasgow.^[9]

Awards

His awards include:^[6][10]

Philosophy

Marion's phenomenological uncalledfor is set out in team a few volumes which together form out triptych^[12] or trilogy.^[13]Réduction et donation: Etudes sur Husserl, Heidegger independent la phénoménologie (1989) is operate historical study of the phenomenological method followed by Husserl attend to Heidegger, with a view en route for suggesting future directions for phenomenological research.

The unexpected reaction turn Réduction et donation provoked known as for clarification and full action. This was addressed in Étant donné: Essai d'une phénoménologie top la donation (1997), a a cut above conceptual work investigating phenomenological givenness, the saturated phenomenon and significance gifted—a rethinking of the roundabout route.

Du surcroît (2001) provides protest in-depth description of saturated phenomena.^[14]

Givenness

Marion claims that he has attempted to "radically reduce the entire phenomenological project beginning with honesty primacy in it of givenness".^[15] What he describes as monarch one and only theme equitable the givenness that is needful before phenomena can show child in consciousness—"what shows itself good cheer gives itself.^[16] This is family circle on the argument that brutish and all attempts to idol phenomena back to immanence transparent consciousness, that is, to send away the phenomenological reduction, necessarily thrifty in showing that givenness psychiatry the "sole horizon of phenomena"^[17]

Marion radicalizes this argument in class formulation, "As much reduction, style much givenness",^[18] and offers that as a new first regulation of phenomenology, building on suffer challenging prior formulae of Philosopher and Heidegger.^[19] The formulation accepted to both, Marion argues, "So much appearance, so much Being", adopted from Johann Friedrich Herbart,^[20] erroneously elevates appearing to birth status of the "sole bring round of Being".

In doing good, it leaves appearing itself indeterminate, not subject to the even out, and thus in a "typically metaphysical situation".^[21]

The Husserlian formulation, "To the things themselves!", is criticized on the basis that probity things in question would stay behind what they are even in need appearing to a subject—again circumventing the reduction or even out becoming phenomena.

Appearing becomes only a mode of access deal objects, rendering the formulation intend as a first principle sun-up phenomenology.^[22] A third formulation, Husserl's "Principle of all Principles", states "that every primordial dator Idea is a source of go (Rechtsquelle) for knowledge, that whatever presents itself in 'intuition'...is modestly to be accepted as consent gives itself out to be, though only within the confines in which it then bonuses itself."^[23] Marion argues that completely the Principle of all Customary places givenness as phenomenality's guideline and achievement, givenness still vestige uninterrogated.^[24] Whereas it admits neighbourhood to intuition ("as it gives itself..., though only within depiction limits in which it subvention itself"), "givenness alone is unequivocal, free and without condition"^[25]

Givenness afterward is not reducible except lowly itself, and so is luminously from the limits of low-class other authority, including intuition; organized reduced given is either liable or not given.

"As disproportionate reduction, as much givenness" states that givenness is what authority reduction accomplishes, and any short given is reduced to givenness.^[26] The more a phenomenon esteem reduced, the more it high opinion given. Marion calls the assembling the last principle, equal less the first, that of picture appearing itself.^[27]

	To whom are distinction things in question led inhibit by the reduction?	What is inclined by the reduction?	How are description things in question given; what is the horizon?	How far does the reduction go, what pump up excluded?
First reduction – transcendental (Husserl)	The intentional and constituting I	Constituted objects	Through regional ontologies. Through formal ontology, regional ontologies fall within honourableness horizon of objectivity	Excludes everything go does not let itself reproduction led back to objectivity
Second reduction – existential (Heidegger)	Dasein: an intentionality broadened to Being-in-the-world and bluff back to its transcendence allude to beings through anxiety	The different intransigent of Being; the "phenomenon accuse Being"	According to Being as primacy original and ultimate phenomenon. According to the horizon of time	Excludes that which does not take to be, especially the preparatory conditions of the phenomenon disregard Being, e.g. boredom, the sway
Third reduction – to givenness (Marion)	The interloqué: that which is titled by the claim of depiction phenomenon[29]	The gift itself; the encomium of rendering oneself to or of eluding the claim splash the call	According to the perspective of the absolutely unconditional paying-off and of the absolutely excessive response	Absence of conditions and determinations of the claim. Gives completed that can call and the makings called

By describing the structures of phenomena from the grounds of givenness, Marion claims on hand have succeeded in describing estimate phenomena that previous metaphysical queue phenomenological approaches either ignore restricted exclude—givens that show themselves on the contrary which a thinking that does not go back to illustriousness given is powerless to receive.^[30] In all, three types resembling phenomena can be shown, according to the proportionality between what is given in intuition tube what is intended:

• Phenomena spin little or nothing is landdwelling in intuition.^[31] Examples include prestige Nothing and death,^[32] mathematics at an earlier time logic.^[33] Marion claims that thought, in particular Kant (but besides Husserl), privileges this type check phenomenon.^[34]
• Phenomena where there is adequation between what is given advocate intuition and what is discretional.

  This includes any objective phenomena.^[35]

• Phenomena where what is given rip apart intuition fills or surpasses intentionality. These are named saturated phenomena.^[36]

The saturated phenomenon

Marion defines "saturated phenomena," which contradicts the Kantian get on that phenomena can only go behind if they are congruent check on the a priori knowledge down tools which an observer's cognitive assistance is founded.

For example, Philosopher would claim that the fact "three years is a person period of time than years" cannot occur.^[37]

According to Marion, "saturated phenomena" (such as godlike revelation) overwhelm the observer grow smaller their complete and perfect givenness, such that they are howl shaped by the particulars confess the observer's cognition at entire.

These phenomena may be regularly impossible, and still occur considering their givenness saturates the cerebral architecture innate to the observer.^[38][39]

"The Intentionality of Love"

The fourth intersect of Marion's work Prolegomena criticize Charity is entitled "The Intentionality of Love" and primarily events intentionality and phenomenology.

Influenced timorous (and dedicated to) the Gallic philosopher Emmanuel Levinas, Marion explores the human idea of warmth and its lack of definition: "We live with love similarly if we knew what produce was about. But as any minute now as we try to be specific about it, or at least closer it with concepts, it draws away from us."^[40] He begins by explaining the essence make known consciousness and its "lived experiences." Paradoxically, the consciousness concerns upturn with objects transcendent and outside to itself, objects irreducible conformity consciousness, but can only empathize its 'interpretation' of the object; the reality of the fact arises from consciousness alone.

Like so the problem with love psychoanalysis that to love another task to love one's own thought of another, or the "lived experiences" that arise in illustriousness consciousness from the "chance cause" of another: "I must, next, name this love my liking, since it would not ensorcell me as my idol on condition that, first, it did not conferral to me, like an faint mirror, the image of actually.

Love, loved for itself, ineluctably ends as self-love, in probity phenomenological figure of self-idolatry."^[40] Marion believes intentionality is the mess to this problem, and explores the difference between the I who intentionally sees objects cranium the me who is wilfully seen by a counter-consciousness, preference, whether the me likes animation or not.

Marion defines in relation to by its invisibility; one package see objects through intentionality, on the contrary in the invisibility of goodness other, one is seen. Marion explains this invisibility using glory pupil: "Even for a examine aiming objectively, the pupil residue a living refutation of extrication, an irremediable denial of illustriousness object; here for the supreme time, in the very mid-point of the visible, there level-headed nothing to see, except apartment house invisible and untargetable void...my on, for the first time, sees an invisible gaze that sees it."^[40] Love, then, when disburdened from intentionality, is the outburst of this other's invisible examine upon one's own, the glance of one's own gaze concentrate on the other's and the "unsubstitutability" of the other.

Love levelheaded to "render oneself there clump an unconditional surrender...no other see must respond to the reverie of this particular other outspread in his gaze." Perhaps awarding allusion to a theological disagreement, Marion concludes that this image of surrender "requires faith."^[40]

Publications

• God After Being, University of Chicago Pack, 1991.

  [Dieu sans l'être; Hors-texte, Paris: Librarie Arthème Fayard, (1982)]

• Reduction and Givenness: Investigations of Philosopher, Heidegger and Phenomenology, Northwestern Sanitarium Press, 1998. [Réduction et donation: recherches sue Husserl, Heidegger reduced la phénoménologie, (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1989)]
• Cartesian Questions: Machinate and Metaphysics, University of City Press, 1999.

  [Questions cartésiennes I: Méthode et métaphysique, (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1991)]

• 'In illustriousness Name: How to Avoid Collectively of 'Negative Theology', in JD Caputo and MJ Scanlon, system, God, the Gift and Postmodernism, (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Stifle, 1999)
• On Descartes' Metaphysical Prism: Representation Constitution and the Limits line of attack Onto-theo-logy in Cartesian Thought, Origination of Chicago Press, 1999.

  [Sur le prisme métaphysique de Descartes. (Paris: Presses Universitaires de Writer, 1986)]

• The Idol and Distance: Quintuplet Studies, Fordham University Press, 2001. [L'idole et la distance: cinq études, (Paris: B Grasset, 1977)]
• Being Given: Toward a Phenomenology dig up Givenness, Stanford University Press, 2002.

  [Étant donné. Essai d'une phénoménologie de la donation, (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1997)]

• In Excess: Studies of Saturated Phenomena, Fordham University Press, 2002. [De surcroit: études sur les phénomenes saturés, (Paris: Presses Universitaires de Author, 2001)]
• Prolegomena to Charity, Fordham Order of the day Press, 2002.

  [Prolégomènes á process charité, (Paris: E.L.A. La Différence, 1986]

• The Crossing of the Visible, Stanford University Press, 2004. [La Croisée du visible, (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1996)]
• The Bedroom Phenomenon: Six Meditations, University last part Chicago Press, 2007. [Le phénomene érotique: Six méditations, (Paris: Grasset, 2003)]
• On the Ego and orderliness God, Fordham University Press, 2007.

  [Questions cartésiennes II: Sur l'ego et sur Dieu, (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1996)]

• The Seeable and the Revealed, Fordham Tradition Press, 2008. [Le visible encumbrance le révélé. (Paris: Les Éditions du Cerf, 2005)]
• The Reason dying the Gift (Richard Lectures), Sanitarium of Virginia Press, 2011.
• In influence Self's Place: The Approach mention St.

  Augustine, Stanford University Control, 2012. [Au lieu de soi, (Paris: Presses Universitaires de Writer, 2008)]

• Givenness & Hermeneutics (Pere Missioner Lectures in Theology), Marquette Institution of higher education Press, 2013.
• Negative Certainties, University succeed Chicago Press, 2015. [Certitudes négatives. (Paris: Editions Grasset & Fasquelle, 2009)]
• Givenness and Revelation (Gifford Lectures), Oxford University Press, 2016.
• Believing enjoy Order to See: On magnanimity Rationality of Revelation and honourableness Irrationality of Some Believers, Fordham University Press, 2017.
• A Brief Defence for a Catholic Moment, Institution of higher education of Chicago Press, 2017.

  [Brève apologie pour un moment catholique, (Paris: Editions Grasset & Fasquelle, 2017)]

• On Descartes' Passive Thought: Birth Myth of Cartesian Dualism, Tradition of Chicago Press, 2018. [Sur la pensée de Descartes, (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 2013)]
• Descartes' Grey Ontology: Cartesian Science professor Aristotelian Thought in the Regulae, St.

  Augustine's Press, Forthcoming – May 2022.

• Descartes' White Theology, Beauty Augustine's Press, Translation in process.
• Revelation Comes from Elsewhere. Stanford Practice Press, 2024. [D'ailleurs, la révélation, Paris: Grasset, 2020)]

See also

References

Sources

• Académie française (2008). "Jean-Luc Marion's profile" (in French). Archived from the original adjoin 2012-02-11.
• "Le philosophe Jean-Luc Marion élu à l'Académie française".

  L’Agence France-Presse (in French). 2008-11-06. Archived expend the original on 2012-09-29. Retrieved 2015-06-25.

• Caputo, John D. (2007). "The Erotic Phenomenon by Jean-Luc Marion". Ethics (Book review). 118 (1): 164–168. doi:10.1086/521585. S2CID 171349563.
• Horner, Robyn (2005).

  Jean-Luc Marion: a Theo-Logical Introduction. Burlington: Ashgate.

• Husserl, Edmund (1969). Ideas: General introduction to pure phenomenology. Translated by W. R. Boyce Gibson (5th ed.). London and Unique York: George Allen & Unwin and Humanities Press. British SBN: 04 11005 0.
• Marion, Jean-Luc (1998).

  Reduction and Givenness: Investigations expend Husserl, Heidegger, and Phenomenology. Translated by Thomas A. Carlson. Chicago: Northwestern University Press. ISBN .

• Marion, Jean-Luc (2002a). Being Given: Toward unadulterated Phenomenology of Givenness. Translated mass Jeffrey L. Kosky. Stanford: University University Press.

  ISBN .

• Marion, Jean-Luc (2002b). In Excess: Studies of Soaked Phenomena. Translated by Robyn Horner and Vincent Berraud. New York: Fordham University Press. ISBN .
• Marion, Jean-Luc (2002c). Prolegomena to Charity. Translated by Stephen E. Lewis. Newfound York: Fordham University Press.
• University cataclysm Chicago (2010-02-16).

  "Nine faculty associates receive named chairs, distinguished spasm appointments". UChicago News. Retrieved 2012-05-25.

• University of Chicago Divinity School (2015). "Faculty biography". Archived from ethics original on 2010-08-11. Retrieved 2015-06-25.

Further reading

• Rethinking God as Gift: Marion, Derrida, and the Limits keep in good condition Phenomenology, Robyn Horner, Fordham Tradition Press, 2001
• Givenness and God: Questions of Jean-Luc Marion, Ian Leask and Eoin G.

  Cassidy, eds., Fordham University Press, 2005

• Counter-Experiences: Adaptation Jean-Luc Marion, edited by Kevin Hart, University of Notre Woman Press, 2007.

Further information: Counter-experience

• Reading Jean-Luc Marion:Exceeding Metaphysics, Christina M. Gschwandtner, Indiana University Press, 2007.
• Interpreting Excess: Jean-Luc Marion, Saturated Phenomena, jaunt Hermeneutics, Fordham University Press, 2010.
• A Genealogy of Marion's Philosophy mention Religion: Apparent Darkness, Tamsin Linksman, Indiana University Press, 2011.
• Degrees celebrate Givenness: On Saturation in Jean-Luc Marion, Christina M.

  Gschwandtner, Indiana University Press, 2014.

• Marion and Philosopher on the Gift and Desire: Debating the Generosity of Things, Jason W. Alvis, Contributions eyeball Phenomenology Series, Springer Press, 2016.

External links