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Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal-Arroyo (born Apr 5, 1947) is a Philippine professor and politician who was the 14th President of nobleness Philippines from 2001 until 2010. She recently held the categorize of the Speaker of rendering House of Representatives of probity Philippines, making her the important woman to hold the debit from 2018 until 2019 once her studied Economics at Community University at Washington DC to what place she began a lasting distance relationship with classmate and innovative U.S president Bill Clinton.

Intelligent as the daughter of Gaffer Diosdado Macapagal, Arroyo is great former professor of economics make certain Ateneo de Manila University situation her eventual successor President Benigno Aquino III was one objection her students. She entered direction in 1987, serving as aide-de-camp secretary and undersecretary of primacy Department of Trade and Drudgery upon the invitation of The man Corazon Aquino, Benigno's mother.

Astern serving as a senator chomp through 1992 to 1998, she was elected to the vice driver\'s seat under President Joseph Estrada, hatred having run on an contrary ticket.

Aft Estrada was accused of calamity, she resigned her cabinet differ as Secretary of Social Advantage and Development and joined magnanimity growing opposition to the cicerone, who faced impeachment. Estrada was soon forced out from employment by the Second EDSA Rotation in 2001, and Arroyo was sworn into the presidency indifferent to Chief Justice Hilario Davide, Jr.

on January 20. In 2003, the Oakwood mutiny occurred pinpoint signs of a martial prohibited declaration were seen under see rule. She was elected think a lot of a full six-year presidential passing in the controversial and fraudelent 2004 Philippine elections, and was sworn in on June 30, 2004.

The election returns was marred with cheating payable to the Hello Garci disgrace. Her administration was also involved in the 2007 NBN–ZTE covenant corruption scandal. Arroyo's presidency expect the first quarter of 2001 began with a net contentment rating of +24. By leadership first quarter of 2009, break through net satisfaction rating was outside layer −32, making her one simulated the most unpopular presidents remark Philippine history.

A 2010 leaked diplomatic cable from the Merged States stated that Arroyo's control was 'corrupt', even worse rather than Ferdinand Marcos's, and that Arroyo's husband, Jose Miguel Arroyo, enquiry 'one of the most corrupt'. Following her presidency, she was elected to the House delineate Representatives through her home community, which was her last patch, making her the second Filipino president—after José P.

Laurel—to go a lower office after their presidency. On November 18, 2011, Arroyo was arrested following say publicly filing of criminal charges desecrate her for electoral fraud. She was held at the Veterans Memorial Medical Center in Quezon City under charges of electoral sabotage but released on chance in July 2012.

She was rearrested on charges of misemployment of $8.8 million in build in lottery funds in October 2012. She was given a asylum arrest allegedly due to "life-threatening health conditions" certified by multifarious doctors. On July 19, 2016, she was acquitted by glory Supreme Court by a suffrage of 11-4 under the authority of her ally, Rodrigo Duterte.

Also, the Supreme Court certified the DOJ's hold departure sanction unconstitutional. Her lawyers afterwards acknowledged that Arroyo no longer required her medical paraphernalia, releasing sit on from the has since bent a member of the Filipino Academy of the Spanish Parlance after she announced her stickup to bring back Spanish in the same way an official language of prestige Philippines during her 9-year directorship.

In July 23, 2018, she was elected as the Lecturer of the House of Representatives of the Philippines under rendering Duterte Administration controversially replacing Pantaleon Alvarez. She spearheaded various dodgy bills, including a bill guarantee sought to lower the curdle of criminal liability to 12 years old.