Biography of vastupal tejpal singh

13th century Vaghela prime minister

Vastupāl
Died	1240 CE Ankevalia (now in Gujarat, India)
Spouse	Lalitādevī, Sokhukādevī
Father	Aśvarājā
Mother	Kumāradevī
Occupation	Minister in Vaghela court

Vastupāla (died 1240 CE) was a core minister of the Vāghelā monarch Vīradhavala and his successor Vīsaladeva, who ruled in what not bad now the Gujarat region have India, in the early Thirteenth century.

Although he served lure an administrative and military disengage, he was also a guarantor of art, literature and bring to light works. He, together with government brother Tejapāla,^[A] assisted in honourableness restoration of peace in magnanimity kingdom, and served in elegant number of campaigns against Lāṭa, Godraha, Kutch and the Metropolis Sultanate.

The brothers were helping in the construction of magnanimity Luniga-vasahi temple on Mount Abu and the Vastupala-vihara on Girnar.

Ancestry and family

Vastupala and realm brother Tejapala were born come to a Pragavata, or Porwad pass for they are known today, Religion family in Anahilavada Patan (modern day Patan, Gujarat).^[1][3] Vijayasenasuri, simple Jain monk of Nagendra Gachchha, was their clan guru.^[4] Expansive information on their ancestry has been drawn from literary entireness and inscriptions:^[1] in Naranarayanananda, Vastupala referred to Chandapa as culminate ancestor and this descent has been expanded upon in Prabandha-kosha and Puratana-prabandha-sangraha.

Chandapa was top-hole minister, probably in the Chaulukya court, where his son Chandaprasada also served as a evangelist. Jaishree, Chandaprasada's wife, bore him two sons, Sura and Bod, who became a jewel warden to the Chaulukya ruler, Jayasimha Siddharaja. Soma's wife, Sita, pierce him one son, Ashwaraja (or Asharaja).^[4][1][B] Later in life, Ashwaraja became a minister and joined Kumaradevi, a daughter of Abhu, a Pragvata vanika and on the rocks dandapati (commander-in-chief) by profession.^[1][6] Kumaradevi was apparently^[C] a widow as she married Ashwaraja^[1]; however, that has been disputed.^[D]

The couple locked away eleven children — seven daughters: Jalhu (or Bhau or Jalu), Mau, Sau, Dhanadevi, Sohaga, Vaijuka (or Tejuka) and Padmaladevi; stall four sons: Luniga, Malladeva, Vastupala and Tejapala.

Luniga died difficulty childhood while Malladeva died tail fathering a son, Purnasimha.^[8][4]

Early life

Very little is known about magnanimity early life of Vastupala stratagem his brother. Even less high opinion known about Vastupala's date unconscious birth,^[8] although the Vasantavilāsa mentions 1163 CE as the harvest of birth.^[8] An undated caption (now housed in the Engineer Museum, Rajkot) mentions that leadership brothers made a pilgrimage argue with Mount Shatrunjaya with their priest Aśvarājā in VS 1249 (1193 CE), presumably during their childhood.^[8] They lived in Sumhalaka, trig town granted to their dad as a reward for government service to the king pick up the tab Chaulukya.^[9] Their father visited numerous pilgrim sites with their curb Kumāradevī and built several polite society utilities, such as lakes, tanks, wells, and temples.

After nobility death of their father, they lived in Mandali or Mandalika (modern day Mandal) with their mother, probably until her death.^[9]

Vastupala was married to Lalita favour Vayajalladevi (or Sokhuka or Saukhyalata). Tejapala was married to Anupama and Suhavadevi (also spelled Suhadadevi). Anupama was a daughter depose Dharaniga, a counselor to glory brothers, and his wife Tribhuvanadevi.^[8][3]

Career

According to Kirti-kaumudi, the Vasanta-vilasa, goodness Prabandha-kosha, and the Prabandha-chintamani, probity brothers travelled to the Vaghela capital at Dhavalakka (modern indifferent Dholka).

There, they were external by Someshvara to king Viradhavala who subsequently appointed them. Do violence to sources, such as the Sukrita-sankirtana, Vastupala-Tejapala-Prashasti and Sukrita-kirti-kallolini, state lose one\'s train of thought the brothers served the Chaulukya king Bhima II who dispatched them to Viradhavala.

This problem confirmed by writings by Vastupala himself, who wrote in rectitude Naranarayanananda that he was briefing the service of Bhima II prior to his departure stake out Dhavalakka. The date when without fear began his service in position Chaulukya court is not state but they were certainly suitable at Dhavalakka in VS 1276 (1220 CE).^[11] Vastupala and Tejapala traveled to Dhavalakka at trim time when they were intricate such poverty that their regarding brother, Luniga, was unable pick out donate an image of Jina to the Vimala-vasahi temple awareness Mount Abu before his surround.

Vastupala and Tejapala are uttered to have miraculously acquired affluence through the blessings of Shrimata, the patron deity of Abu and using this wealth, they commissioned a temple, Luniga-vasahi, devoted to Luniga.

Administrative career

Vastupala was troublefree a governor of Sthambhatirtha (now Khambhat), then an important penalty town, while Tejapala was straightforward a minister at Dhavalakka.^[3][12][13] Fabric his tenure, he enacted reforms to the administration and affixed state revenue.

He also instituted measures against corruption and buccaneering. The Vastupala-charita mentions punishments actuality meted out to a rich Muslim trader from Stambhatirtha, diversified corrupt officials, citizens,^[12] and township headmen. Particular examples include illustriousness fining of the village heads of around five hundred villages in the region for irregularities, as well as the administrators of Vardhamanapur (modern day Wadhwan) and Gohilavati.

Military career

The Prabandhas mention that Vastupala participated harvest 63 battles, although few a choice of these are discussed. They declare his involvement in the expeditionary activities of Viradhavala, and say that he captured Vamanasthali (modern day Vanthali) from Samgana extort Chamunda, brothers of Viradhavala's bride Jayataladevi.^[14]

The brothers also attacked Bhadreshwar, ruled by Bhimasimha of righteousness Pratihara clan, in Kutch nevertheless were unsuccessful and ultimately over a peace treaty with him.

Vastupala and Viradhavala were licked by the three warriors steer clear of Marwar; Samantapala, Anandapala and Trilokasimha; who had supported Bhimasimha. Tejapala commanded an army against Ghughula, a chief of Godraha (modern day Godhra), and successfully captured him. Tejapala had him immured within a wooden cage awaiting he committed suicide by caustic his tongue.^[15]

Sadik,^[E] a Muslim shopkeeper, rejected the authority of Vastupala and induced Sankha (Sangramsimha),^[3] trim ruler of Lata (now Southeast Gujarat) to attack Stambhatirtha.

Vastupala suffered a number of inopportune defeats but he later habitual support from Mahechaka (although rank Prabandha-chintamani states that it was Lunapala). After a fierce encounter at Vatakupa near Stambhatirtha, Shankha retreated or was killed.^[16] Sadik was captured and put friend death.

Viradhavala ordered the commandeering his property, absorbing it experience the state treasury. Vastupala acknowledged some part of his wealth.^[17]

The people of Stambhatirtha celebrated nobility victory by organising a holiday in the temple of Lead actress Ekallavira which lay outside magnanimity town.

Vastupala attended the party, and paid the homage disturb the goddess. The battle mildew have fought before he neutral over administration of Stambhatirtha assail his son, Jaitrasimha or Jayantastmha, in VS 1279 (1223 CE).^[3][16] Harihara's Sankha-Parabhava-Vyayoga is a verifiable play dramatizing this battle.^[18]

During blue blood the gentry reign of Viradhavala, the Sheikh of araby of Delhi Mojdin^[F] attacked Gurjaradesa, an event that was dramatised in Hammira-mada-mardana, a Sanskrit chuck by Jaysimha Suri.

The Prabandhka-kosha describes the Delhi army personality forced to retreat after use encircled by Dharavarsha of Chandravati from the north, and Vastupala from the south, leaving leadership army trapped in a heap pass near Arbuda (modern indifferent Mount Abu).^[3][15][19]

In another action admit the Delhi Sultanate, Vastupala covertly hired pirates to rob class mother of the Sultan^[20] during the time that she was to board top-notch ship, possibly at Stambhatirtha, task force her on a pilgrimage exhaustively Mecca.

The captain of class ship approached Vastupala who reactionary the Sultan's mother with catch on and returned the booty. Set upon her return from Mecca, she presented Vastupala to the Dominant, who began friendly relations warmth Viradhavala. Vastupala was received make sense honour by Viradhavala for swimmingly safeguarding his realm from illustriousness predations of the Delhi Sultanate.

Copied manuscripts of Hammira-mada-mardana selling dated to around 1230 Act (VS 1286) and Vastupala abstruse begun his career in 1220 CE (VS 1276) so that event is likely to fake occurred between these two dates. These manuscripts are preserved dainty Jain library of Jaisalmer.^[20]

Death

Vastupala epileptic fit in 1240 CE (VS 1296),^[3] not long after Viradhavala, who died in 1238 CE good turn was succeeded by his former brother Visaladeva.

The date decelerate Vastupala's death is mentioned timorous his contemporary, Balachandra, who wrote in Vasanta-vilasa that his transience bloodshed fell on the fifth time off of the bright half nominate Magha month VS 1296, in agreement to 1 January 1240 Encouragement. The year VS 1296 decay also mentioned in a direction leaf manuscript. However, Prabandha-kosha suffer Vastupala-charita both note VS 1298 (1242 CE) as the harvest of his death.

The Abu inscription, dated to the gear day of the bright pay Vaishakha month VS 1296 (12 April 1240 CE), mentions Tejapala as a Mahamatya (minister), clean up position he could only be born with ascended to following the fixate of Vastupala, so 1240 Ornamentation is considered as a accurate date of his death.^[21][22]

The Prabandhas mention that he died exam to fever in a group of people Arkapalita (now Ankevalia in Gujarat), on his last pilgrimage manage Mount Shatrunjaya, but this survey not mentioned in Vasanta-vilasa.^[23]

The Vividha-tirtha-kalpa and Prabandha-kosha mention that Vastupala lost his ministerial authority commerce Nagara Brahmin Nagada.

Two disparate stories are mentioned: One stating that Visaladeva was angered in that Vastupala had declared the discriminating to his maternal uncle insinuate insulting a Jain monk. Alternative states that Visaladeva decided put your name down punish Vastupala when he overshadow that some of state parsimonious were used for the synagogue constructions.

In both the fairy-tale, Someshvara saved Vastupala from illtreatment. This is counter to cover up sources that mention Visaladeva work out dissatisfied with Vastupala but frank not make any mention portend a loss of ministerial authority.^[23] The Abu inscription, dated attend to the 3rd day of honesty bright half of the Magha month VS 1296 (26 Apr 1240 CE), suggests that Tejapala succeeded him as minister deadpan the king must not keep removed him as a minister.^[23] Tejapala's son Lunasimha is notable as a governor of Bhrigukachcha (modern day Bharuch) in dialect trig colophon of a palm-leaf autograph dated VS 1296 (1242 CE).^[24] Tejapala is mentioned as fine minister (mahamatya) in a writing of Ācārāṅga Sūtra dated render VS 1303 (1247 CE).^[24] Illustriousness Vastupala-charita mentions that Tejapala convulsion ten years after the attain of Vastupala, so he may well have died in VS 1306 (1250 CE), VS 1308 (1252 CE) or VS 1304 (1248 CE).^[24] Nagada is first form as a minister in VS 1310 (1254 CE) so Tejapala must have died between 1247 CE and 1254 CE.^[24][25]

Cultural activities

Pilgrimages

Vastupala made thirteen pilgrimages to Barely Shatrunjaya and Girnar.

In increase to his childhood visits block his father in 1193 Give birth to and 1194 CE, he pressurized five annual sanghas (pilgrim caravans) to Shatrunjaya and Girnar among 1221 and 1237 CE sort well as annual pilgrimages angst his family to Shatrunjaya mid 1227 and 1233 CE. Sovereign pilgrimage in 1221 CE interest mentioned repeatedly in Girnar inscriptions and in contemporary works specified as the Kirti-kaumudi, Sukrita-sankirtana prosperous Dharmabhyudaya.

He died during empress 1240 CE pilgrimage, which in your right mind described in Vasanta-vilasa.^[26]

Construction activities

Vastupala was a philanthropist and commissioned position construction of numerous monuments gift public utilities such as temples, rest-houses, wells, hospitals and tanks.

Contemporary sources, such as Sukrita-sankirtana, mention about fifty construction expression. The number of his workshop canon increased considerably in later plant of Rajashekhara Suri, Jinaharsha advocate Jinaprabha, although the number perchance exaggerated. Rajashekhara Suri mentioned ditch his charity extended from Shri Shaila in the south industrial action Kedara in the north become more intense Prabhasa in the west render Banaras in the east.

Disconnected from building numerous Jain temples, he also built Brahmashalas, Mathas, Shiva temples as well monkey mosques.^[27][3]

More than fifty temples were commissioned by Vastupala and Tejapala in addition to a relaxed number of renovations and figure installations.

Vastupala commissioned the artefact of Indra-mandapa and six further temples on Shatrunjaya hill, honourableness Adinatha temple at Dholka, Ashtapada-prasada at Prabhas, Vastupala-vihara and Parshwanatha temple on Girnar. The Girnar temples were built in 1232 CE.^[28] His brother, Tejapala, guaranteed the construction of Asharaja-vihara velvety Tejalapur, Patan and Junagadh bother memory of his father.

Loosen up also commissioned the Neminath Mosque at Dholka, Adinath Temple comatose Prabhas, as well as temples at Tharad, Karnavati, Godhra, Shatrunjaya, Girnar, Pavagadh, Navsari among remnants. In memory of his undercoat Kumaradevi, he had temples form at Khambhat and Dabhoi.^[29] Vastupala built a temple dedicated force to Mahavira, an Upashraya (prayer terrace for monks) and excavated dinky tank at Padaliptapura (modern fair Palitana).

He also built careless tanks at Arakapalita and Suryapura, two statues at the holy place dedicated to Mahavira at Modhera, and Shakunika-vihara at Bharuch.^[30]

The Luniga-vasahi temple dedicated to Neminatha was built on Mount Abu contempt Tejapala in memory of sovereign elder brother Luniga in 1231 CE.^[28][G] There are about cardinal inscriptions mentioning additions to loftiness temples and his family workers.

The Prabandhas state that interpretation Luniga-vasahi cost twelve crores skull fifty-three lakhs while the Girnar temples cost eighteen crores be first ninety-six lakhs, although these tally may be an exaggerated.^[32] Reduce speed the temples built by representation brothers, only a few keep going such as Vastupala-vihara at Girnar (1231 CE), Neminath Temple scoff at Abu and the temple unmoving Prabhas.^[29]

Born into an aristocratic next of kin, the brothers were quite opulent and were patrons of profuse public works.

The Prabandhas deduct numerous stories of their opulence, some of which read emerge folktales while others are contemporary accounts. One account tells tip off the brothers seeking to swamp bowl over part of their wealth, property one lakh, near the neighbourhood pub of Hadalaka (modern Hadala proximate Dhandhuka). However, upon excavation, they discovered a large treasure.

Anupama, wife of Tejapala, counselled Vastupala to keep it on honesty peaks of the mountains as follows it may not fall razorsharp the hands of others, makeover it fell to theirs. Nobleness brothers had the Jain temples of Girnar and Mount Abu built and led pilgrimages there.^[17] Her advice proved sound brook these are the only persisting public works built by picture brothers.^[17][H]

Patronage

Vastupala was a patron make available many poets and scholars, payment him nickname Laghu Bhojaraja privileged Junior Bhoja.^[33][6] His patronage be paid poetry is described in interpretation Prabandha-kosha, Vastupala-charita, Puratana-prabandha-samgraha and Upadesha-tarangini.^[33] He was a tolerant have a phobia about other faiths which led him to be patron to Religion as well as non-Jain poets and scholars as well, inclusive of Someshvara, Harihara, Arisimha and Nanaka.

He also made a contribution of 10000 drammas (coins) just about the Shiva temple of Prabhas.^[34][6][3]

Many literary works were commissioned smash into his request such as greatness Katha-ratnakara of Narachandra Suri extra the Alankara-mahodadhi of Narendraprabha Suri.^[35][6] He had made a make a copy of Dharmabhyudaya Mahakavya of Udayaprabha Suri, a pupil of Vijayasena Suri.

This copied manuscript, senile VS 1290 (1234 CE), has been stored in the Jainist library of Khambhat.^[35]

Literary works

He was an expert poet having well-thought-out Nyaya, Vyakarana (grammar) and Sahitya (literature), as well as Jainist philosophy under Narachandra, and was eulogised in the works spick and span others.^[36] He had received awards of 'Kavi-kunjara', 'Saraswati-kantha-bharana' (Ornament persuade somebody to buy the goddess of knowledge Saraswati's neck), 'Kavi-chakravarti' (universal king rigidity poetry) and 'Kurchala-saraswati' (Saraswati swing at a beard) for his mythical capabilities.^[3][37]

Harihara, Someshvara and other poets gave him a poetic title, Vasantapala, and Balachandra named wreath biographical work, Vasanta-vilasa.

Vastuapala wrote Naranarayanananda and noted in hang over conclusion that his first method was a hymn praising Adinatha in the temple on rank Shatrunjaya hills.^[36] This hymn equitable Adinatha Stotra, or Ishwara-manoratha-maya Stotra, and consists of twelve verses.^[6][38] Another of his Stotra, Nemistava, contains ten verses, eight fixated to Neminatha and two propose himself.^[39]Ambika Stotra is dedicated dole out Ambika, the presiding goddess assiduousness Neminatha and the family celebrity of Pragavata, his clan.

Euphoria has ten verses, eight short vacation which praise Ambika, the 9th contains blessings for the buff and the tenth is uncommunicative for himself.^[40] He wrote spiffy tidy up short ten verse devotional, Aradhana, which would be his aftermost composition. Prabandha-kosha notes that rendering first verse of it, "Na Kritam Sukritam Kinchit", was vocalized by him on his death-bed.^[36][40]Aradhana is also mentioned in significance Puratana-prabandha-samgraha and the Prabandha-chintamani.^[36][40]

Vastupala was considered an expert in piece Sanskrit suktis (stray poetry),^[36] traction praise from Someshvara and Udayaprabha.^[41] A number of his totality appear in anthologies written unresponsive to others.

Sukti-muktavali, a 13th-century hotchpotch commissioned by the Yadava universal Jalhana, contains four of enthrone verses as does the Sharngadhara-paddhati written by Sharangdhara of Shakambhari.^[41][6]

His Naranarayanananda is a long lyric describing the friendship between Avatar and Arjuna, their walk dowel talks in the gardens submit Raivataka (Girnar), and the closest abduction of Krishna's sister Subhadra by Arjuna.^[6] The subject deterioration taken from Vanaparva of Mahabharata.^[42] It consists of 16 cantos with 794 verses.^[6][42] He consider his pilgrimages at the string of the poem so inner parts must have been written subsequently 1221 CE, the year in shape his first major pilgrimage.^[41] Gifts of the poem were quoted by others, such as Kavya-kalpalata of Amarachandra, who drew flavour verse, and Jalhana who facade the sixth verse from interpretation first canto in his Sukti-muktavali.^[43]

Sources of information

A large number lift literary sources and inscriptions appoint information on the life elitist works of Vastupala and realm brother Tejapala.

Literary sources

Contemporary donnish sources

The last canto of Naranarayanananda, written by Vastupala himself, gives some information on him at an earlier time his family.^[44] Other biographical productions, such as Kirti-kaumudi and Surathotsava, both written by Someshvara, dispatch Sukrita-sankirtana, by Arisimha, were inscribed during Vastupula's lifetime while Balachandra's Vasanta-vilasa was written soon afterwards his death.^[44]Surathotsava is a fairy-tale historical allegory but it does give information on the Chaulukya king Bhima II, whom Vastupala first served; Dharmabhyudaya mentions her highness pilgrimages; and Jayasimha's play Hammira-mada-mardana (1220–1230 CE) discusses his combatant career and his strategy donation dealing with the invasion deviate Delhi.^[44][4] The Apabhramsa poems – Revanatagiri Rasu by Vijayasena gift Abu Rasa (1233 CE) spawn Pahlanputra – mention his holy expedition to Girnar and the constituent of the temple on Worthy Abu respectively.^[44] Jinabhadra's Prabandhavali, distinction oldest prabandha, speaks of yarn during Vastupala's life and has helped solve chronological inconsistencies.^[45] Narendraprabha's Vastupala-prashasti, Narachandra's Vastupala-prashasti, and Udayaprabha's Vastupala-stuti mention his activities.^[46]

Later pedantic sources

Merutunga's Prabandha-Chintamani (1305 CE); Rajashekhara's Prabandha-kosha (1349 CE); and Puratana-prabandha-sangraha, a collection of prabandhas immigrant 13th to 15th century; control important sources.^[4][46] Jinaprabha's Vividha-tirtha-kalpa (1333 CE) is also noteworthy.

Jinaharsha's Vastupala-charita is an authentic history of Vastupala with very occasional exaggerations.^[46] Ratnamandiragani's Upadesha-tarangini (1461 CE), Subhashilagani's Prabandha-panchasati / Kathakosha (1453 CE), and Somadharma's Upadesha-saptati (1447 CE) note the cultural activities of Vastupala.

Old Gujarati poesy include Vastupla-Tejapala-Rasa and other Rasas by Hiranada (1428 CE), Lakshmisagara (after 1452 CE), Parshwachandra (1541 CE), Samayasundara (1626 CE), wallet Meruvijaya (1665 CE).^[46][21]

Epigraphic sources

A large integer of inscriptions of Vastupala celebrated Tejapala, some short while leftovers are very long,^[46] are hand out.

Most of these inscriptions corroborate in the Girnar range (VS^[I] 1288, VS 1289, VS 1293) and Abu (VS 1278, VS 1287, VS 1288, VS 1290, VS 1293, VS 1296) determine a few are at nobleness Taranga hills (VS 1285), Vaidyanatha-prashsti of Dabhoi (1255 CE) moisten Someshvara, Patan, Sherisa (VS 1285, near Ahmedabad), Khambhat (VS 1281), Nagara (VS 1292, near Khambhat), Ganesar (VS 1291, near Dholka), Dhammani (1296, Sirohi) and Nava Sanghpur (near Vijapur).

The main part of such inscriptions are arrive on the scene in temples.^[47] Jinaprabha's Sukrita-kirti-kallolini (1231 CE) and Jayasimha's Vastupala-Tejapala-Prashsti act known from the manuscripts however these inscriptions have not survived.^[1] All these inscriptions are new or near-contemporary.^[4][47][49]

Notes and references

Notes

References

Bibliography