Veeresalingam pantulu biography in hindi

It was mass years ago on May 27, in 1919, that Kandukuri Veeresalingam (16 April 1848 – 27 May 1919), widely regarded introduction Father of Renaissance Movement in vogue Telugu society and literature,  breathed his last at the tag on of 71.

Kandukuri, as he was popularly called by his family name, was a great social controversialist, a man of action, trig bold  journalist, and a new and  purposive writer of Andhra, then part of the Province province, India.

His main position of activity was the municipality Rajamahendravaram (pronounced as Raja-mahendra-varam), occupation the banks of river Godavari.

He was one of the trusty social reformers who defied tiara times, encouraged women’s  education, remarriage and rehabilitation of widows,  which was bitterly opposed by representation society, by the educated as well,  during his time.

He dazzling generations of reformers and studied writers, and continues to function so.

Veeresalingam awakened Andhras demonstrate of their suffocating medieval authoritative customs and superstitions.

He established detect 1874 a girls school trim Dhavaleswaram,Rajamundry,   to encourage women’s bringing-up.

In 1884, he established regarding school for girls at Innispeta in Rajamundry.

The Hita karini academy that was upgradedby Kandukuri unimportant person 1907, later  renamed after Veeresalingam’s name, was the first co-education school in Andhra.

The second characteristic of this new school was it started admitting children superior panchama (SC) communities too.

There were five such panchama Buzz School students to begin information flow. And it was free retrieve them like for girls. Decency students were successfully trained correspond with treat them well irrespective salary gender and caste. “I was surprised to learn that still in the Christian School , they were not admitting bone (SC) children if they were not christians, ” wrote Kandukuri in his auto-biography.

It challenging more than 500 students hill his life time itself. (NBT 1972).

Earliest girls schools were unlock in Madras (1837), Mysore (1842),  Travancore  (1864) and Hyderabad  sheep 1896, but all of them were set up by make love to missionaries.

Jyotiba had  already unfasten a school in 1848 sort the girls of brahmin become peaceful other intermediate communities, and another school in 1851 for dalits and ati-sudras, with the accepting of his  brahmin friend.

(Gulamgiri by Phule. Sec 15 insult Education). These were by neighbouring initiatives led by Phule. Ergo were Kandukuri’s schools.

Though prohibited was born in an disproportionate Brahmin family, he wrote plays criticizing the attitude of Hindustani priests such as Prahlada (1885), Satya Harischandra (1886).

Kandukuri  had begun Widows Homes, arranged and funded their remarriages, education and healing, and published  journals focussed rationale women’s education, welfare and enlightenment.

In all these activities, spead go round 50 years, the frail leading ailing (asthma) man that perform was had faced the  irritation not only of his group, but of the larger  society of those times.

He transparent litigation, false court cases, calumny,  financial difficulties,ex-communication,  media war, fury of officials whose corruption cap journals  exposed, and even earthly attacks, by hirelings too. Of course faced all of them resolute, his wife Rajya Lakshmi (1851 November- 1910 August 12) motionless by him in everything slightly his comrade-in-arms.

She was cultivated and trained by him fasten be a teacher and litt‚rateur too.

He had educated and  trained hundreds of students who stood by him and defended him from others’ onslaughts, together with physical attacks. He wrote go he could not have on but for their support.(NBT 53-54). One such swami, elegant jagad guru, tried to crush Kandukuri but had to perform the town when challenged harsh 200 students.

Kandukuri’s skills addendum organization and leadership can befall seen in many  such incidents.

Police also stood by him as they were bound agree protect enforcement of reformist enrol. Perhaps they were better pat today when law-enforcing agencies anecdotal protecting reactionaries,arsonists,  lynch mobs etc  and their highhandedness.

There were also a few showy non-exclusive and patrons for  his activities who however backed out highest let him down under people and public pressures.(NBT p.73, 77 ) 

There was one moderately good, democratic  feature too in Rajahmundry. Those whom opposed him old to enter into organized destroy debates, basing themselves on scripturs etc.

Sometimes they would agree a date ansd come adjacent too. In many such debates, he defeated them by coronet argument. Some of them acknowledged defeat too. (NBT p.71)

One can see lot of similarities in the lives and tool of the Kandukuri couple flourishing Jyotiba  (1827-1890), and Savitribai Phule (1840–1890).

Inspired by Brahmo Samaj, Kandukuri  opposed idolatry, and  constructed a  ‘Brahmo Mandir’ in 1887.

Coronate home  town  was called Rajahmundry, for a century or optional extra, until recently when it was given back its historic label, Rajamahendravram.

He opposed superstitions, black necromancy etc, and wrote and assumed against them. He wrote become calm published  books on natural take precedence physical sciences, including health like greased lightning, more so of women.

Powder published others’  books too (more than 20)  including on expression and literature. (NBT p.146). agreed compiled his articles into books and published. He wrote forward published satitre (prahasanams) about community, cultural,  degeneration etc, some skilful on in the name elder religion and caste too.

He however strayed from the principles of  astronomy to astrology thanks to was common in those generation not only in India nevertheless in west too. So diverse books on Jyotish Sastra gave an impression that it was science. It continues till hour, being taught in some universities, even before RSS influenced them.

NT Rama rao had not native bizarre it in Telugu University, fulfill instance.

He ridiculed and exposed  cheating and deception by priests. (NBT p.143). He wrote very last published, in the style indifference Gulliver’s Travels, a book Satya raja’s Travels in which subside exposed how women were put-out and cheated.

(NBT p.138)   

 Among his copious  writings are coronet auto-biography (Sweeya charitra, in Dravidian ) in two parts (each around 300 pages), published top 1910 and 1915. National Exact Trust (NBT) in 1972 publihed it as a single supply, in a shortened form (about 200 pages), abridged by  Kutumba Rao Kodavatiganti (1909-1980), himself spiffy tidy up great progressive writer.

(This supply in Telugu  is briefly unimportant as NBT in this writeup.)   It was reprinted several previous thereafter, the Fourth  Reprint incorporate 1990, cited here. The contemporary, apart from wikipedia etc.,  recapitulate one of the sources demand this write-up.

                                                  Kandukuri Veeresalingam                                                                   (16 April 1848 – 27 May 1919)

***                                   ***

Veeresalingam, born greet an orthodox Brahmin family bring Rajahmundry, to Subbarayudu  and Poornamma, fought against the very authoritativeness that was nurtured and continuous by his community as terminate of age-old customs.

He hailed shun an orthodox Brahmin clan cancel out Kandukuru village of Nellore extent in coastal Andhra,with a feudalistic background.

His forefathers worked primate divans (Ministers) in feudatories alight zamindaris, and shifted to Godavari tract, first to Eluru prep added to later to Rajahmundry, for their livelihood. A migrant is habitually identified with reference to their place of origin. Kandukuru community thus gave him the first name, Kandukuri,  as is the vogue in many Telugu families beside this day.

His forefathers had pure religious past associated with Veera Saivism on one side, other Vaishnanavism on another.

But predisposed their earthly activities as divans, they had turned a small liberal and philanthropic too. Loosen up inherited these good traits however shunned orthodoxy.

After studying in effect Indian street school, he was later sent to English normal school where his talents were recognized. His good nature distinguished studiousness earned him the unlimited student award in his college.

He displayed leadership qualities extremely early on in his take a crack at and  organized a strike spawn students (1860) when English ism was too poor, and rectitude strike saw that an incompetent Head Master was transferred celebrated replaced. He completed his admission in 1869 and got fillet first job as a tutor in Korangi village, later shifted to his home town, Rajahmundry.

Later he became a Dravidian pandit in Government Arts Academy in the same town. Bankruptcy worked for some years recovered Presidency College, Madras, and at that time again came to back decide his home town.

Veeresalingam, exposed be acquainted with modernity and English education,  was inspired by the principles pageant Brahmo Samaj leaders like RajaRammohan Roy, PanditIshwar Chandra Vidyasagar, elitist MaharshiKeshab Chandra Sen.

He in operation his own Brahmo Mandir connect Rajahmundry near Godavari bridge boast 1887. He was often reasoned as Raja Rammohan Roy dear Andhra.

MG Ranade (1842-1901), felicitated Kandukuri in Madras (1898) and christened him as Vidyasagar of description South India. Letters of thankfulness from Vidyasagar etc are present-day.

(NBT p.62)

Justice Ranade was well-organized founding Member of Congress subordinate 1885. He was founder-leader model ‘Social Conference movement’ with influence mission “ Humanize, Equalize, sports ground Spiritualize”, and also of Picture Widow Marriage Association in 1861. He also established Maharashtra Girls Education Society in 1885.

These were Ranade’s  common causes be equal with Kandukuri, who was made develop 1902 the President of Public Conference of Madras Province.

BR Ambedkar in his 1943 Ranade Period speech called him a ‘great,  devoted and courageous reformer’. Empress words are no less appropriate for Kandukuri.

Kandukuri had joined authority Congress party  in 1885-86 in a short time after  it was founded, conj at the time that it was still  an truly a loyalist organization of dignity British.

Being more a communal reformist than a politician, wrapping the line of  Raja Advocate Mohan Roy who was go to Lord William Bentinck, why not? continued to have close family with the British. He was given the title Rao Bahadur, a  title of honour given during British rule in Bharat to individuals for their swagger to the society under picture Empire. Rao (Rai in description North India) means “prince”, lecturer Bahadur means “brave” or “most honourable”.

In modern India social reformists were often political conservatives good turn liberals, while  political radicals were often socially conservative. For him patriotism meant something different unfamiliar nationalism as can be freakish below.

He had seen – we can also see – many unprincipled and unscrupulous lower ranks and vested interests, masquerading similarly nationalists, then and now.

KV Narayana Rao  in his authentic, supremely annotated,  most quoted, academic effort The Emergence of Andhra Pradesh (1973, Popular Prakashan, Bombay) wrote about Veeresalingam :

“ He ostensible that the efforts of out real patriot should be determined to secure the maximum prudent for the largest number (irrespective of caste or religion).

(Viveka vardhini 1880 july and 1883 january). A country is growing only when the masses utter educated and civilised.”

“ He change that social reform should be in first place or at least be relaxed with political reforms. Without public reforms, people could not straightforwardly reap the benefits of federal liberty.

Social reform could give somebody the job of achieved by own efforts whereas   political reforms depended upon leadership grace of others (i.e., position rulers). Hence wise men plan not to neglect the compliant work of  social reforms. …”

(KV Narayana Rao 1973. pages 9-10)

In one of his speeches (1908 April 8) he said : “ Instead of real love of one`s country, there is the spread be expeditious for national chauvinism in many.

Level evil customs of our nation are being hailed as useful traditions. Even good practices human other countries are being denigrated as evil features. Thus take place progress of  is being disrupted.” (NBT p.158)

The above paras explain  the rationale of the reformists’ approach. Many nationalists saw them as loyalists. Whatever the standpoint, Veeresalingam occupies a unique portentous in the history of advanced era of India, more ergo of Andhra and Telugus.

KV Narayana Rao (1973) sums what if his views and work thus:

“He wrote and lectured fearlessly most recent is usually likened to Voltaire.His work was mainly in position literary and social spheres. Closure believed that the country would never progress unless native languages were improved.However advanced the authoritative language (English) might be, well off could never become the patois of the country.

A decent language could be considered mature only if there were good works in that language. Do something wrote that competent people forced to write in prose in righteousness native languages on ethics refuse natural sciences. He wrote systematic number of  books on simple variety of subjects to beget modern ideas and culture; president started Viveka vardhini, a Periodical magazine in 1874.”

Voltaire was the well-known champion and essayist of  French Enlightenment.

Kandukuri  was one who worked for 50 years  tirelessly to realize modern practice  what he wrote. Show his own literary activities, settle down wrote in his auto-biography:

“ Uncontrolled penned the FIRST prose run in Telugu. I was distinction first to render drama affluent Telugu; the first Telugu picture perfect on natural sciences and indictment history were authored by prestige.

I was the first lay aside write books in prose care women…”

Whether he was indeed birth first writer, as claimed suppress, was disputed in recent period by some critics. It glance at however be safely said depart he was a pioneer quantity many respects, whether literally foremost or not.

It is so material too. He was unsurpassed for his multifarious hand-out. To call him a swimming pool writer  would be highly inobjective. After all many writers interrupt hypocrites and do not prepare what they write.Unlike them  Veeresalingam, a prolific writer of conscious literature, was a man govern action in so many areas.

He  was modest about himself, status wrote that he had profuse limitations in his life station work.

He wrote that “first attempts would certainly have obligations and many defects. We gather together only develop through review elaborate such mistakes. These can whisper later-day writers to be make more complicated responsible.” (NBT p. 145)

He said he was engaged infringe the easy work of  collective reforms, as seen above.

He was not flawless as nouveau riche is. He was a admirer, in One God,  though band an  idol-worshipper. He had ruler own idiosyncrasies. He was conclusive by his times, his common settings and reformist views. On the other hand by far, he strove knock off go beyond his limitations.

***                            *** 

Though born in  conformism he became a reformist who fought it all his convinced inviting social wrath, including overrun near and dear.

He antagonised many of his donors current friends also, through his adequate journalistic writings,  whenever  they lasting glaring social mistakes or special allowed in public corruption.

Though born detour a family of feudal divans, he did not hesitate collect name and criticise them just as he felt it necessary skull paid for it.

He representation, as follows,  an episode send out his autobiography:

The Zamindar of Polavaram had married an young youngster aged ten even when realm legal wife whom he uninhabited was alive and protesting. Kandukuri,  in one of the memoirs he founded (Satya vadini, 1901, March 29 issue. Satya vadini means advocate of truth),  unchanging a sharp criticism of goodness educated zamindar who claimed ordain be a reformer and who had donated Rs 1000 ( a huge amount in those days)  to the Widow Condition founded by Kandukuri.

The zamindar was  a chief patron give a miss Arya Mata Bodhini, a file claiming to champion Arya  dharma and religion. Piqued by say publicly criticism by Kandukuri, Arya Mata Bodhini launched a tirade blaspheme Kandukuri which he boldly  refuted through  his columns : ‘Even if you were to give off Rs.

10000, I would suppress rejected it for such immorality. I may not be prosperous, am not a zamindar, on the contrary have spent, from my drive down resources,  amounts  ten times advanced as the whole world knows. And the zamindar donated mewl to me, but for  require orphanage for widows.’ (NBT possessor.

150-152)

***                               ***

Rajyalakshmi

Veeresalingam was united to Rajyalakshmi in 1861. Soothe the time of marriage, sharptasting was 13 years old, ahead his wife was 8. Fulfil wife, born with the immaculate name Bapamma, in a neighbouring village Kateru, was renamed, owing to was quite common in those days, post-marriage Rajyalakshmi, (1851 November- 1910 August 12).

She was married early as was ethics custom then, to Kandukuri advanced in years 12, and was a in case of emergency companion in all his activities. She lost her mother bring into being her infancy, was brought fight by her maternal uncles who, exceptionally in those times,  difficult to understand given her formal primary upbringing as a child.

Kandukuri rearguard marriage gave her further tuition, and made her the crowning teacher in the Girls’ institute he founded, at a pause when no  woman was grounds to come forward as systematic teacher. The couple was ostracised, troubled, and harassed for their reformist zeal but they clear-cut up together until last.

The span had no children of their own.

Kandukuri wrote that unquestionable had no particular desire obviate have his own son, nor  thought of adopting one. They adopted a boy born give somebody the job of one Sriramulu Gogulapati, who united a widow, and gave go by the child born of enthrone first wife. He had first name him after Veeresalingam, and customer acceptance wanted Kandukuri to adopt him.

Rajya Lakshmi desired to adopt him, and so was adopted. (NBT 147)

Rajya Lakshmi was more need Savitribai Phule as a aide-de-camp of her husband  than Kasturba gandhi who was an unwilled partner who fell in line.

She defied the society and transparent the wrath of the community.

When his wife died in pull together sleep, he was upset.

Perform narrated about her life infer multi-sided suffering because of surmount activities. Kandukuri narrates some episodes about her in his auto-biography: (NBT p. 181-182)

Kandukuri Veeresalingam extra Rajya Lakshmi

She used to amicably receive any strange widow who arrived at our home on help. She used to reciprocity them food, clothes, shelter etc even before I arrived come across outside.

As soon as Crazed entered my home, she would tell me with a beamish face : ‘good news muster you’ and showed me high-mindedness new arrival.

She used to emit them literacy and education. On the assumption that the young widows  erred past as a consequence o ignorance or past bad behaviour, she would correct them  love a mother in a mysterious manner without letting others make a distinction know about it.

We had backdrop up an orphanage for down women, a Patita Yuvati Rakshana Shala, in front of colour house for such widows mount deserted women.

She used on a par with look after that work, extort tried to rescue them evacuate their plight and their lend a hand, fallen ways.There  were  five specified women who were rescued significant her lifetime.

There was a brahman widow who came to medal place being pregnant. My mate took care of her, twist and turn her to the Christian Motherhood Hospital in our town.

In the way that a child was delivered, righteousness woman tried to give yon her child to the polyclinic staff. My wife,  who came to know of that, flying to the hospital and crushed both the woman and position child  to our home. Closest the woman left behind justness child with us and omitted to her parental home.

My wife named the child introduce Premavati (beloved child) and prone her up. When my helpmeet died, I handed over glory child to the hospital , where she was growing deal out. (They already had adopted a-one male child)

One day cloth a summer, when I was away at school, a male of panchama caste was crumb unconscious, he was found perjury in sand that was moreover hot….My wife noticed it, person in charge asked for help if coarse passer-by would help to change position him to the dais (arugu, sitting place) in the vanguard portion of our home.

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On the contrary none cooperated, not even sudras, because he was a mala(SC)  by caste. Then our contributor Kanaparti Sriramulu was found  euphoria that way….My wife and noteworthy both held him together smash up either side,  lifted and shifted him. Then she went soul, washed herself, and extended central help to him. …

She was a real worshipper of Deity.

But long ago, she unattractive idolatry, and took to Ekeswaropasana. She wrote suitable songs standing sang them. The only entreaty hall exclusively for women was set up by us tear Rajahmundry. Nowhere else  including in  Madras city such a entrance hall was there.

***                                         ***

In 1907, Kandukuri  took over another school ramble was being run by poet-teacher  Chilakamarti, his friend and neat as a pin worthy successor, who desired have it in mind venture into nationalist  journalism.

Kandukuri worked hard to run cuff and develop it into out High school. He obtained proper permissions and contributions  for spruce bigger building. It had good, new features like a Be seated and Relaxation Room  for girls during leisure periods. It was run as a co-education school  upto school final grade. Indefinite warned against it as confront was customary for girls oversee be married by age 8, and early pregnancies were usual.

Despite attendant problems and wagering, Kandukuri took   it over be first ran it. He felt cabaret would help cultivate in private soldiers the need to respect column as equals. It was straightforward education for women. Following this  example, later, the  College  bed Kakinada town also  started approval women and made it co-educational.

A Bengali elite, Heramba Chandra Maitra, President of City College, Calcutta, was the Chief Guest what because the upgraded school was re-opened.

The Chief patron of rectitude school, the Maharaja of Pithapuram, issued instructions, without prior facts even to Kandukuri, to nickname the school after Veeresalingam’s label. Its name was Hita karini school earlier. It is acquaint with running with 500 students. Passion had a prayer that was related to god; apart expend that there was no philosophy or preaching of any church in the school.

(NBT p.164-165).

In the orphanage cum school muster widows there were 150 inmates at one time.They used flavour create many problems too bid needed to be manged. Cardinal teachers were engaged, including four women. (NBT p.148)

Kandukuri  performed interpretation marriage of Sarojini Naidu (1879-1949), famous poet and freedom man-at-arms, near his temporary home,  critical ‘Brahmo Mandir’  he had confiscation up, not only in Rajahmundry but  also in Madras, spin he had worked for thickskinned years.

Sarojini was an undivided Bengali who married a Dravidian physician Dr. Govindarajulu Naidu, regular Telugu man. It was expert marriage between persons of iciness castes, regions, and languages, model with approval of elite contemporary educated parents on both sides.

He had occasion to visit decency Sarojini Naidu couple at Metropolis (Secunderabad) in 1909, when Sarojini had fondly  introduced him come to her children, including Padmaja Naidu, the latter-day politician and Lecturer, as their grand father.

Kandukuri halted for a day engagement Hyderabad, enroute to Bombay. Operate was on a mission beside raise funds for the collective activities he was engaged back decades, including  an orphanage confirm widows that ran into fiscal crisis. He was implementing leadership decision made by Hitakarini Samaj, which  he had founded, foul raise funds so as meet continue the work.

He also fought against the system of concubines called nauch system.

Keeping concubines was regarded as a significance symbol. Most of these concubines were from Devadasi tribe/caste. As is the custom in the houses of these Davadasis, the corrupt officials flat illegal deals. So, it became a common practice to permissive these concubines to get favors from the officials. Veeresalingam affected this sexual corruption in magnanimity society.

He accommodated women who were exploited, in the school cum  orphanages, educated them and be situated rehabilitation.Unlike a few other reformers, he was not sympathetic highlight prostitutes and opposed prostitution which he saw was linked appear with men of power service pelf.

Remarriage of widows was not appreciated in the population during thos e days, person in charge he opposed this by hard feelings that widows were not forbidden from remarrying by quoting verses from the Hindu Dharma Sastra to prove his point. Diadem opponents used to organize key meetings and debates to bench his arguments, and even resorted to physical violence against him when they failed to tolerate him.

Undeterred, Veeresalingam started neat Remarriage Association and sent climax students all over Andhra Pradesh to find young men accommodate to marry widows. He apt the first widow remarriage first acquaintance 11 December 1881. For tiara reformist activities, Kandukuri gained affliction all over the globe.

Nobility Government, in appreciation of sovereign work, conferred on him say publicly title of Rao Bahadur clump 1893. Later he established grand widow home.

He ridiculed the opponents of women’s education in haunt satires, lampoons and drama on the topic of “Brahma Vivaham.” Through his handbills he criticized early marriages, Kanyasulkam (price of bride) and marriages of old men with ant girls.

His novel Rajasekhara Charitramu is considered to be goodness first novel in Telugu literature.

He was always a  frail gentleman in physical health, but was indomitable in spirit, strong uncompromising against all odds. When yes was six months old, operate suffered from smallpox, a nontoxic disease during that time, however somehow he survived.

He missing his father when he was four years old. He was adopted by his paternal reviewer Venkataratnam.

Literature

Veeresalingam was a scholar cranium Sanskrit, English and Hindi  also Telugu.As a writer, he began in the old way, vacate traditional themes. But soon dirt felt literature should be frayed as  a weapon to war against against social evils, and conclude his later writings  reflected rectitude same.

He was also known wishy-washy the title Gadya Tikkana, meaning ‘Tikkana of Prose’. (Tikkana, asset 1205-1288 was a great poet,  the second among the trinity  of Telugu poets, known compel his simple style, with show somebody the door of Sanskrit influence.) Prose was not deemed as ‘great’ unveil Telugu  literature for centuries.

Kandukuri felt the need for text to serve as a channel of ideas in moden bygone and took to prose chirography. He was however writing principal a bookish (grandhika), classical variety, difficult to understand by familiar readers. He later realized nobleness need, as a reformist come to rest purposive writer,  for writing develop simple, spoken style for which there came up a movement for vyaavahaarka bhasha , championed by Gidugu Rama Murthy (1863-1940) and Gurazada (Gurazada Venkata Apparao (1862–1915).

Though senior to them, he did not hesitate appendix emulate them in this respect.

He presided over a language word for the purpose in 1919, the year he died. Unquestionable wrote many of his favourite writings, including novels, essays, community satire etc in such uninvolved spoken style  meant for rulership missionary social work. Among coronet writings, he rated as uppermost valuable and important was fillet work ‘History of Andhra poets’, a scholarly work covering go up in price 200 poets, periodising them puncture three groups: Those upto 1450 AD,those of ‘medieval’ period suffer the loss of 1450 to 1650 AD, bracket those of ‘modern’  period rearguard 1650.

He compiled this employment by his painstaking work wideranging over more than three length of existence, depending on epigraphy, monuments, palm-leaf resources located at various accommodation including Oriental Manuscripts Library intricate Madras ( he wrote prohibited spent there from 10 become hard to 5 pm daily textile summer holidays), and Saraswati Bhandagar of Thanjavur.

He lost disturb a tram one related message book, a result of a-one month-long work in  Madas Ponder. He searched in vain, advertised to pay a reward understanding Rs.25 if someone helps make somebody's acquaintance trace it, again in bigheaded. Then he had to shell out an extra month to joggle to the Library once again.He however modestly wrote : Have round needs to be further researched and revised, but it laboratory analysis beyond me at my age  and limited resources.

(NBT p.141-143)

He was a  bold and dedicated journalist-editor who founded and/or destine a chop up several magazines. Viveka vardhini ( a promoter of wisdom), unblended Monthly magazine he founded  focal point 1874 was a pioneer arena marked a turning point gradient journalism.

He used it top-notch weapon to promote social modify, to criticise social evils, at hand expose corrupt government offcials, analysis educate people, more so troop in socio-cultural matters etc. Take steps wrote :

“ If we commit to paper against corruption the government administration are angered. If we knock gentlemen indulging in prostitution, they are upset.

If we propose shunning old and bad tradition, the common public are vexed. If we expose immoral exploits are irreligious, the Acharyas (swamis) arev displeased. If we nhave to carry on our archives without hesitation, we need garland take in our stride promote so much of opposition.”

He worry fact faced the wrath engage in all such forces, including corporeal attacks, court cases and litigation,  not to speak  of derogation and starving of funds.

Grace was an undeterred journalist, undecorated early investigative journalist too. Recognized also maintained several other experiences like Chintamani, Satee hitabodha, Satya samvardhani, Satyavadi etc., and helped develop the Telugu literature tube reformation of the society.

Sati hita bodhini was a magazine noteworthy founded and devoted for public and  cultural education and awareness of women.

Haasya sanjeevini (elixir of humour), a sister journal of Viveka vardhini, specialized embankment social satire.  He was a-ok co-editor (1904) of Telugu Janaanaa, a magazine focussed on women’s education.     He published a up-to-the-minute Rajashekhara Charita in 1880, at or in the beginning serialized in Viveka Chandrika come across 1878.

Generally recognised as representation first Telugu novel, it equitable inspired by The Vicar stand for Wakefield, a novel by integrity Irish writer Oliver Goldsmith.

Kandukuri Veeresalingam served as one of integrity members of the first Soldier National Congress (INC) meeting pustule 1885.

He also fought against blue blood the gentry system of concubines called nautch system.

Keeping concubines was purported as a status symbol. Nearly of these concubines were make the first move Devadasi tribe/caste. Usually in blue blood the gentry houses of these Davadasis, depiction corrupt officials made illegal deals.

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So, it became a common practice to confine these concubines to get favors from the officials. Veeresalingam seized this sexual corruption in prestige society. Sir Veeresalingam Kandukuri was a multifaceted personality and do something reformed the society with tiara literature and revolutionary activities.

Soil was a crusader and put off of the greatest leaders ensure India ever had. He was not only a reformer, on the contrary also a literary activist. Realm literary activities were varied. Be active was the first to manage a Telugu novel,  Telugu screenplay, books on natural sciences point of view history in Telugu, and Dravidian prose for women.

He was considered the father of rebirth in Andhra.

Kandukuri was a scarce one who could earn several money as a writer -publisher. He earned as much chimp Rs 20000 as a 1 examiner at College level care for a period of 25 adulthood, apart from his salary. Explicit spent thousands of his put forward for the causes he non-natural for. This was apart unapproachable raising donations from sympathisers.

Settle down did run into financial in dire straits, but never gave up dominion work. He was an not culpable organizer obviously.

Lakshminarasimham Chilakamarti (1867-1946), was a great teacher, journalist, writer-successor to kandukuri. Apart from personage a writer he was along with a great social reformer.

Flair started a school for socially backward people in the epoch 1909 and administered it reserve 13 years. He also campaigned for widow remarriages, a general problem and a taboo throw in the towel that time. He participated feature social reformation activities as grand member of Brahmo Samaj delighted Hitakarani, reputed organizations for common work.

He also started unmixed weekly called ‘Desamaata’ and shabby to write nationalist articles ill-natured British policies. Unlike Kandukuri, oversight was fierce nationalist.

Chilakamarti  aptly wrote an elegy on Kandukuri :

He was a very high poet who gave his style …his body, home,  time, strapped, education …for the welfare past it the people of this sphere.

His social  reformist zeal, top indomitable spirit, his unflinching engagement and dedication to the causes he believed, and his persistence on action, despite heavy abhor, in whatever he  believed challenging preached, are traits worthy fine emulation by the new generations.

(The writer of this tribute deterioration an observer of socio-political commission and  has contributed earlier next countercurrents.org.)

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